These symptoms appear in early spring. ).Fire blight is a bacterial pathogen that infects flowers of pear and apple and can rapidly spread through the tree killing both the scion and the rootstock of susceptible cultivars and rootstocks. The disease gains entry to the tree through two main points, blossoms and new shoots, and often appears first in spring as blossom, fruit spur, and new shoot blight. If I get to the orchard early enough when the symptoms are just starting, I usually find shoot blight symptoms on a limb that has an old canker from last year. Figure 1. E. amylovora surviving on woody surfaces can initiate disease when scions and rootstocks are wounded during grafting. Pear shoot with fire blight. Blossom blight risk models accumulate degree units above a threshold temperature of 15.5 (60°F) or 18°C (64°F). E. amylovora on blossoms before infection occurs, and thus are used widely to aid decisions on the need for and timing of chemical applications. Shoots harden off 10 to 14 days after application and are no longer susceptible to infection. Data on rain or blossom wetness during periods of warm weather are also used in the models to indicate more precisely the timing and likelihood of floral infection. Cells of It is a serious concern to apple and pear producers. Jones, A.L., and Aldwinckle, H.S. Table of Apple Cultivar Fire Blight Susceptibility Fire blight is a destructive bacterial disease of apples and pears that kills blossoms, shoots, limbs, and, sometimes, entire trees. During the floral epiphytic phase, the ultimate population size that the pathogen attains is influenced by temperature, which regulates the generation time of the pathogen, and by the number of blossoms in which the pathogen becomes established, which is facilitated by pollinating insects, honey bees in particular. Fire blight bacteria can move from blighted spurs and shoots through the vascular system into larger limbs and tree trunks. Insects, such as plant bugs and psylla, create wounds on succulent shoots during feeding. Blossom blight is initiated when cells of 460 pp.Vanneste, J.L. This ooze is attractive to bees, flies and other insects who transfer the blight pathogen to flowers. In California, the disease was first reported in 1887. The floral receptacle, ovary, and peduncles become water soaked and dull, grayish green in appearance. Annu. Under optimal conditions, it can destroy an entire orchard in a single growing season. In fruit trees, the disease can kill blossoms, fruit, shoots, limbs, and tree trunks. and in the rootstock near the graft union on the lower trunk Sprouts and shoots develop orange or yellow tips in a hooked shape. Selection of a resistant cultivar is the most effective method of controlling fire blight. 1995. Pruning cuts should be made 12 to 18 inches below any sign of infected tissue. They will ultimately move from the cankered regions to growing tissue, thereby causing shoot blight. 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