Phase 3: 6 Boreholes (two with pressure meter testing) with depths up to 60m. The story of structural system selection and the structural system optimization is a … At 828m (2,717ft) tall, the tower has 160 floors of commercial and residential space. This system was introduced by Fazlur Rahman Khan while at the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), in their Chicago office. Torsion is the fifth mode with a period of 4.3 seconds. Construction of the tower was started in 2004. At the top, the central core emerges and transitions to a special steel framed structure which is sculpted to form a finished spire. The Tower foundations consist of a pile supported raft. To reduce the effects of differential column shortening, due to creep, between the perimeter columns and interior walls, the perimeter columns were sized such that the self-weight gravity stress on the perimeter columns matched the stress on the interior corridor walls. This allows the construction to proceed without the normal difficulties associated with column transfers. The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 short tons; 3,900 long tons) of structural steel. Wind tunnel models account for the cross wind effects of wind induced vortex shedding on the building. The advantage of the tower's stepping and shaping is, in essence, to “confuse the wind.” Wind vortexes can never sufficiently coalesce because the wind encounters a different building shape at each tier. The Burj Tower raft is supported by 194 bored cast-in-place piles. By combining cutting-edge technologies and cultural influences, the building serves as a global icon that is both a model for future urban centers and speaks to the global movement towards compact, livable urban areas. The story of structural system selection and the structural system optimization is a … At each setback, the building's width changes. Burj Khalifa is home to 57 elevators and 8 escalators the building service/fireman’s elevator have a capacity of 5,500 kg and is the world’s tallest service elevator. The tower does not contain any structural transfers. This design helps to reduce the wind forces on the tower, as well as to keep the structure simple and foster constructability. The potential for liquefaction was investigated based on several accepted methods; it was determined that liquefaction is not considered to have any structural implications for the deep seated Tower foundations. 2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM BRIEF DESCRIPTION 2.1 General The Burj Khalifa project is a multi-use development tower with a total floor area of 460,000 square meters that includes residential, hotel, commercial, office, entertainment, shopping, leisure, and parking facilities. The massing of the 828-meter (2,717-foot) tall Burj Khalifa is organized around a central core with three wings, each consisting of four bays (see Figure 2). 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